盤克夏豬與藍瑞斯豬雜交一代之生長性能
賴永裕 吳明哲 張秀鑾 劉錦條
行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所
盤克夏豬種以肉質聞名，自美進口的盤克夏豬種之生長性能不及台灣育成的藍瑞斯、約克夏和杜洛克等豬種，因此考量做為雜交肉豬肉質改良用終端公豬。本研究以盤克夏(B)與藍瑞斯(L)豬種進行雜交，生產雜交一代LB (L母畜×B公畜)與BL (B母畜×L公畜)，雜交一代豬採固定日齡(自70日齡至150日齡)生長性能檢定。LB公豬5頭和女豬6頭於70、120、135 與150日齡之體重分別為 (31.8±4.6和27.8±4.4kg)、(69.0±9.2和58.8±8.3kg)、(89.0±11.9和75.8±8.1kg) 與 (104.4±14.4和89.3±8.2kg)。同時，150日齡活體超音波即時顯像掃瞄公豬和女豬之第十肋骨處腰眼面積與背脂厚度分別為(32.26±6.07和30.30±2.78cm2) 與 (1.61±0.24和1.39±0.30cm)，而公豬飼料效率則為2.81±0.18。又BL公豬8頭和女豬6頭於70、120、135 與150日齡之體重分別為 (28.9±3.0和30.1±2.7kg)、(79.9±5.4和77.3±5.0kg)、(93.3±5.0和90.5±6.6kg) 與 (110.3±8.4和105.0±7.0kg)；且150日齡活體超音波即時顯像掃瞄之第十肋骨處腰眼面積與背脂厚度分別為 (29.23±1.41和30.22±2.48cm2) 與 (1.41±0.17和1.38±0.26cm)。至於公豬飼料效率則為2.29±0.09。此外，同場同期純種藍瑞斯和盤克夏公豬之150日齡體重分別102.4±1.7和93.5±3.3公斤；而女豬則分別92.0±1.8和80.3±2.6公斤。試驗結果顯示：150日齡之B公豬顯著地重於同品種女豬，且雜交一代公豬與女豬的生長性能均具雜交優勢。
關鍵語：豬、雜交優勢、生長性能。
GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN
BERKSHIRE
AND LANDRACE BREEDS OF PIGS
Y. Y. Lai, M. C. Wu, H. L. Chang and C. T. Liu
Taiwan Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture
Berkshire (B) breed is in famous of meat quality among breeds of the pig. Berkshire pigs imported from USA did not perform well in growth performance when compared to those of Formosa Landrace (L), Yorkshire and Duroc breeds. Therefore, it is considered to serve as one of the terminal sire breeds for pork quality improvement purpose in hog production. In this study, F1 hybrid pigs, LB (L dam X B sire) and BL (B dam X L sire) from B and L crosses were produced and tested at fixed ages (from 70 to 150 days of age) for growth performance. The body weights of 5 boars and 6 gilts in LB cross at 70, 120, 135 and 150 days of age were 31.8±4.6 and 27.8±4.4kg, 69.0±9.2 and 58.8±8.3kg, 89.0±11.9 and 75.8±8.1kg, 104.4±14.4 and 89.3±8.2kg, respectively. Both loin muscle area and backfat thickness of live animals measured at the tenth rib using SSD-500 B-mode real-time ultrasound scanner for boars and gilts at 150 days of age were (32.26±6.07 and 30.30±2.78cm2 ) and (1.61±0.24 and 1.39±0.30cm), respectively. Feed efficiency of LB boars during tested period was 2.81±0.18. Also, body weights of 8 boars and 6 gilts in BL cross at the corresponding ages were 28.9±3.0 and 30.1±2.7kg, 79.9±5.4 and 77.3±5.0kg, 93.3±5.0 and 90.5±6.6kg, 110.3±8.4 and 105.0±7.0kg, respectively. And the corresponding loin muscle area and backfat thickness at the tenth rib for boars and gilts were (29.23±1.41 and 30.22±2.48cm2) and (1.41±0.17 and 1.38±0.26cm). Feed efficiency of BL boars was 2.29±0.09. Results indicated that boars weighed significantly heavier than gilts at 150 days of age in B breed. In addition, when comparison was made between breeds within herd for body weight at 150 days of age, both LB and BL boars showed significant heterosis with corresponding weights for L and B being 102.4±1.7㎏ and 93.5±3.3kg, respectively. Similar trend was also observed in F1 gilts.
Key Words: Pig, Heterosis, Growth performance.