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應用粒線體DNA D-loop序列進行豬品種演化分析

簡嘉瑩 廖仁寶 顏念慈 朱賢斌 吳明哲

行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所

本研究旨在探討台東蘭嶼豬與野豬之遺傳距離以及現今台灣豬種之間的親源關係。收集盤克夏、杜洛克、藍瑞斯、約克夏及梅山豬已發表之DNA D-loop序列與供試驗之本地豬種（畜試迷彩豬、蘭嶼豬、台灣山豬、畜試黑豬一號以及蘭嶼豬配上台灣山豬雜交種）的粒線體DNA D-loop雙向序列，以電腦進行資料比對。結果顯示畜試迷彩豬與蘭嶼豬及雜交種之基因同源性高；然蘭嶼豬與台灣山豬之基因同源性亦高，可能在圈養過程中，台灣山豬跳進畜舍或是其他原因，有待釐清。畜試黑豬一號為桃園豬與杜洛克育成豬種，卻與盤克夏豬基因相近，仍需進一步試驗結果以釐清。利用粒線體DNA研究豬母性遺傳進而追溯各不同豬品種間演化遺傳證據已然成為研究豬種核外遺傳之有效工具，盼能由試驗結果確認雜交豬種之親源關係並瞭解各豬種之演化過程。

關鍵語︰粒線體DNA、D-loop序列、演化分析。

PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PIG BREEDS DETERMINED USING
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA D-LOOP SEQUENCE VARIATION

C. Y. Chien, R. B. Liaw, N. T. Yen, H. P. Chu and M. C. Wu

Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan

The aim of this present study was to investigate representing ancient and current varieties of pig breeds in Taiwan. Phylogenetic relationships among pig breeds in Taiwan were assessed using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequences. A phylogram tree was constructed from pairwise distances using sequences determined for published sequences of European pigs (including Berkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire) and Meishan; local (LRI Mitsai pig, Lanyu, Formosan mountain Boar, TLRI Black No.1 and Lanyu × Formosan mountain Boar hybrids) breeds. The result showed LRI Mitsai pig clustered together with Lanyu and Lanyu × Formosan mountain Boar hybrids, respectively. Lanyu was likely to the Formosan mountain Boar, indicating that Formosan mountain Boar may run into corrals and break the hereditary. Though TLRI Black No.1 was the Taoyuan and Duroc hybrids, Berkshire was also similar to TLRI Black No.1. The inferred reasons have to further analyze and compare the pedigree. Using mtDNA to research porcine maternal inheritance and then to trace back the evolution of various breeds can be effective for researches of extranuclear genetics in pigs. Results found mtDNA can be used to recognize maternal origin for hybrid pigs and to comprehend the evolution in various pig breeds.

Key Words：Mitochondrial DNA, D-loop sequence, Phylogenetic analysis.