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以微衛星型遺傳標記分析蘭嶼豬與桃園豬之遺傳多樣性

廖仁寶(1) 張秀鑾(2) 朱賢斌(1) 顏念慈(1) 蘇天明(1) 吳明哲(1)

(1)行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 (2)國立屏東科技大學畜產系

遺傳多樣性係由生物為適應環境而演化所形成的，為目前國際研究的熱門重點之一。而以微衛星型遺傳標記評估動、植物之遺傳多樣性則為廣受研究人員所應用的技術。因此，本研究嘗試以九種豬微衛星型遺傳標記，篩檢78頭蘭嶼豬與60頭桃園豬基因組DNA，再將所得到的遺傳標記交替基因分布頻率以套裝軟體DISPAN分析，其結果為蘭嶼豬的平均異質性為0.49±0.08，桃園豬則為0.44±0.08，但由於九個遺傳標記的其中一個標記，其所篩檢樣品的分析結果，僅出現兩個交替基因，故導致整個族群平均異質性下降。因此，在以微衛星型遺傳標記估算生物基因多樣性時，應該慎選足夠數量並具有代表性的遺傳標記，如此分析出來的數值才比較客觀正確。

關鍵語：微衛星型標記、遺傳多樣性、平均異質性。

ANALYSIS OF GENETIC DIVERSITY OF LANYU AND TAOYUAN
PIGS BY MICROSATELLITE MARKERS

R. B. Liaw(1), H. L. Chang(2), H. P. Chu(1), N. T. Yen(1), T. M. Su(1) and M. C. Wu(1)

(1) Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
(2) Department of Animal Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology

Genetic diversity is formed with biological evolution to make organisms accommodate the environmental changes and it is one of the hot studies in the world. Analyzing the genetic diversities of animals and plants with microsatellite markers is served as a tool in which is applied by many related researchers. Therefore, a total of nine porcine microsatellite markers averagely spread on seven chromosomes were used to genotype the genomic DNAs of 78 Lanyu and 60 Taoyuan pigs, respectively. Allele Frequencies of nine markers were used and then analyzed by the package software of DISPAN. The results showed that the average heterozygosities of Lanyu and Taoyuan pigs were 0.49±0.08 and 0.44±0.08, respectively. The average heterozygosity of a population is lower than the expected, for one of nine markers has only two alleles in the analysis. Hence, when using microsatellite markers to evaluate the biological genetic diversity, the adequate and representative markers should be considered carefully. And consequently, the calculated value of genetic diversity will be more objective and accurate.

Key Words: Microsatellite marker, Genetic diversity, Average heterozygosity.