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45.豬種的粒線體細胞色素b基因序列鑑定及親緣關係

陳佳萱^{(1) (3)} 楊绣雅⁽¹⁾ 顏念慈⁽¹⁾ 朱賢斌⁽²⁾ 陳坤照⁽²⁾ 吳明哲⁽¹⁾ 黃木秋⁽³⁾

⁽¹⁾行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所 ⁽²⁾行政院農業委員會畜產試驗所台東種畜繁殖場 ⁽³⁾國立中興大學動物科學系

粒線體具有母系遺傳、單倍體、無重組、高突變率、缺乏修補系統、演化速度比核內DNA快十倍、分子量小而成族群結構、演化、基因交流、生物地理與親緣關係分析的有利工具。粒線體共有37個基因，目前粒線體DNA除D-loop高變異區被研究外，有越來越多粒線體基因被重視，細胞色素b (Cytochrome b, Cyt b)已被列入對物種鑑別與親緣關係演化的重要區域。本試驗設計二對引子分別定序出蘭嶼豬NADH6 (NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6)、tRNA-Glu與Cyt b基因，全長共1737 bp，並以MEGA3.1軟體分析蘭嶼豬Cyt b基因與歐洲豬種間親緣關係。研究結果發現蘭嶼豬種屬於獨立的分支，而杜洛克、漢布夏與藍瑞斯屬於歐洲型，支持度可達100％，盤克夏與大白豬則屬於亞洲型，支持度達96％。

關鍵語：細胞色素b、粒線體DNA、蘭嶼豬

IDENTIFICATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME b OF PIG

C. H. Chen^{(1) (3)}, H. Y. Yang⁽¹⁾,  N. T. Yen⁽¹⁾, H. P. Chu⁽²⁾, K. J. Chen ⁽²⁾, M. C. Wu⁽¹⁾ and M. C. Huang⁽³⁾

⁽¹⁾Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan

⁽²⁾ Taitung Animal Propagation Station, Livestock Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan

 ⁽³⁾Department of Animal Science, National Chung- Hsing University

Mitochondrion has the characteristics of maternal inheritance, haploid, non-recombination, high mutation rate, lack an effective mismatch repair system, evolution of ten-times faster than nuclear DNA, and group-structured due to small molecular weight, which has become a powerful tool for the analysis of evolution, gene exchange, and phylogeographic and phylogenetic study. Pig mitochondrial DNA, contains 37 genes.  The importance of gene variations existed not only the well studied high mutation region of D-loop but also in other regions. Among these genes, cytochrome b (cyt b) has been considered as an important region in species identity and phylogenetic evolution. Two pair of primers, a total length of 1737 bp, were designed in this study to sequence dehydrogenase subunit 6 (NADH 6), tRNA-Glu and cytocorome b in Lanyu pig. Phylogenetic relations between Lanyu and European pigs were analyzed through cyt b by MEGA 3.1 software. The results indicated that Lanyu pig belongs to an independent clade; while Duroc, Hampshire and Landrace belong to the European clade with a bootstrapping of 100 %, but Berkshire and Large White belong to Asian clade with a bootstrapping of 96 %.

Key Words：Cytochrome b, Mitochondrial DNA, Lanyu pig